Anything Other Than a Classic NIAC: Examining Myanmar’s Legal Battlefield

Myanmar’s civil unrest is traditionally characterised as a non-international armed conflict (NIAC). It arguably represents one of the most enduring civil wars in modern history. For the past seven decades, since independence from British colonial rule, the State has been persistently riddled with violence. Myanmar is not a party to the Second Additional Protocol of […]

The Ukrainian Attacks Against Gambian-Flagged Oil Tankers in the Black Sea

On October 28, 2025, Ukrainian so-called “Sea Baby drones” attacked two Gambian-flagged oil tankers, the Kairos and Virat. Whereas the vessels were severely damaged, no casualties were reported. Presumably, the ships are part of Russia’s “shadow fleet,” and are on a list of ships subject to economic sanctions. The Kairos was struck in the south-west […]

Can AI Teach Itself to Abuse IHL-Protected Indicators?

In war, there is every incentive to deceive. Thousands of years ago, humans learnt that misleading the enemy, dissimulating one’s intentions, and misrepresenting the truth often led to tangible tactical and operational benefits. Humans, however, also came to understand that unfettered use of such tactics would, in the long term, lead to a worse outcome […]

Tripwires to Trojans: Updating the Law of Booby-traps for the Digital Age

Articles of War has featured discussion of the law of armed conflict (LOAC) rules concerning booby-traps (see, e.g., here, here, here, and here). All have been based in the land domain. I am interested in the application of the idea in the cyber domain. Under the Protocol on the Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps […]